What Are The Main Components Of The Speed Reducer?
The speed reducer is mainly composed of transmission parts (gears or worms), shafts, bearings, boxes and accessories. Its basic structure has three parts:
1. Combination of gears, shafts and bearings
The pinion is integrated with the shaft, called a gear shaft. This structure is used when the diameter of the gear is not related to the diameter of the shaft. If the diameter of the shaft is d and the diameter of the gear root circle is df, then when df- When d≤6～7mn, this structure should be adopted. And when df-d>6～7mn, the structure that the gear and the shaft are separated into two parts, such as the low-speed shaft and the big gear, is adopted. At this time, the gear and the shaft are connected with a fixed flat key in the circumferential direction, and the parts on the shaft are axially fixed by the shaft shoulder, the shaft sleeve and the bearing cover. Both shafts adopt deep groove ball bearings. This combination is used to bear radial load and small axial load. When the axial load is large, the combined structure of angular contact ball bearings, tapered roller bearings or deep groove ball bearings and thrust bearings should be adopted. The bearing is lubricated by the thin oil splashed when the gear rotates. The lubricating oil in the oil pool in the box seat is splashed by the rotating gear to the inner wall of the box cover, flows along the inner wall to the groove of the sub-box surface, and flows into the bearing through the oil guide groove. When the circumferential speed of the oil-soaked gear υ≤2m/s, grease should be used to lubricate the bearing. In order to avoid the possibility of splashing thin oil from washing away the grease, an oil retaining ring can be used to separate it. In order to prevent the loss of lubricating oil and external dust from entering the box, a sealing element is installed between the bearing end cover and the extension shaft.
2. Cabinet
The box is an important component of the reducer. It is the base of the transmission parts and should have sufficient strength and rigidity.
The box is usually made of gray cast iron, and cast steel box can also be used for the reducer with heavy load or impact load. In order to simplify the process and reduce the cost of the reducer produced by a single body, a steel plate welded box can be used.
3. Reducer accessories
In order to ensure the normal operation of the reducer, in addition to paying enough attention to the structural design of the gear, shaft, bearing combination and box body, consideration should also be given to filling and draining the lubricating oil pool of the reducer, checking the oil level, processing and Reasonable selection and design of auxiliary parts and components such as the positioning and hoisting of the box cover and box seat during disassembly, assembly and maintenance.
(1) The inspection hole is to check the meshing of the transmission parts and to pour lubricating oil into the box. The inspection hole should be set in the appropriate position of the box. The inspection hole is set on the top of the upper case cover to directly observe the gear meshing part.
(2) When the ventilator reducer is working, the temperature in the box rises, the gas expands, and the pressure increases. In order to allow the hot expanded air in the box to be discharged freely, to maintain the pressure balance inside and outside the box, so as not to cause the lubricating oil along the sub-box surface or shaft Extend the seals and other gaps to leak, usually install a breather on the top of the box.
(3) The bearing cover is used to fix the axial position of the shaft system components and bear the axial load. The two ends of the bearing seat hole are closed with bearing covers.
(4) In order to ensure that each time the box cover is disassembled and assembled, the positioning pin still maintains the accuracy of the bearing seat hole manufacturing and processing. The bearing hole should be finished and fitted and positioned on the connecting flange of the box cover and the box seat.
(5) Oil level indicator Check the height of the oil level of the oil sump in the reducer, and always keep a proper amount of oil in the oil sump. Generally, install the oil level indicator at the position of the box body that is convenient for observation and the oil level is relatively stable.
(6) When changing the oil of the oil drain screw plug, drain the dirty oil and cleaning agent. The oil drain hole should be opened at the bottom of the tank seat at the *** position of the oil pool, and the oil drain hole should be blocked with the screw plug to drain the oil. A leak-proof gasket should be added between the screw plug and the joint surface of the box.
(7) In order to strengthen the sealing effect, the opening screws are usually coated with water glass or sealant on the split surface of the box body during assembly. Therefore, it is often difficult to open the cover due to tight bonding during disassembly. For this reason, one or two screw holes are often machined at the appropriate position of the connecting flange of the box cover, and the cylindrical or flat end opening screws for opening the box are screwed in.
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